Module 2 Physics Final Practice Exam (52 Questions 65 Mints)

 

Module -2 Physics

Final Practice Exam

  

 

1. Which of the following is an example of a Longitudinal Wave?
   1.   Radio Wave
   2.   Sound Wave
   3.   Light Wave
2. In which medium does sound travel the fastest?
   1.   Air
   2.   Steel
   3.   Water
3. Wave length is?
   1.   distance between crests
   2.   distance from trough to crest
   3.   distance between top and bottom
4. Which law states that force equals mass times acceleration?
   1.   Newton’s First Law
   2.   Newton’s Second Law
   3.   Newton’s Third Law
5. The rate of change of velocity is called?
   1.   Speed
   2.   Momentum
   3.   Acceleration
6. The formula for work done is?
   1.   Power × Time
   2.   Mass × Velocity
   3.   Force × Distance
7. The unit of pressure is?
   1.   Joule
   2.   Pascal
   3.   Ampere
8. What is the kinetic energy of an aircraft of mass of 2 metric tonnes and has a velocity of 2m/s?
   1.   2 kJ
   2.   8 kJ
   3.   4 kJ
9. The number of radians in a semi circle are ?
   1.   π
   2.   2π
   3.   exactly 3
10. Which device is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
    1.   Hygrometer
    2.   Manometer
    3.   Barometer
11. When the temperature of a gas increases at constant volume, pressure?
    1.   Increases
    2.   Decreases
    3.   Remains constant
12. The SI unit of heat energy is?
    
    1.   Watt
    2.   Calorie
    3.   Joule
13. Heat transfer through solids mainly occurs by?
    
    1.   Convection
    2.   Conduction
    3.   Radiation
14. The speed of sound is highest in ?
    1.   Liquids
    2.   Solids
    3.   Gases
15. Which color has the shortest wave length?
    1.   Violet
    2.   Green
    3.   Red
16. Which instrument measures relative humidity?
    1.   Thermometer
    2.   Barometer
    3.   Hygrometer
17. Which gas law states that volume is directly proportional to temperature?
    1.   Boyle’s Law
    2.   Charles’s Law
    3.   Avogadro’s Law
18. Regenerators are used in fibre optic systems to reduce?
    
    1.   attenuation
    2.   dispersion
    3.   random emission
19. The density of water is approximately?
    
    1.   0.1 g/cm³
    2.   10 g/cm³
    3.   1 g/cm³
20. Heat transmission by convection is confined to?
    
    1.   solids and liquids
    2.   gases and solids
    3.   liquids and gases
21. The Steam Point of water is?
    
    1.   0 Kelvin
    2.   273 Kelvin
    3.   373 Kelvin
22. A material capable of going direct from solid to gas is a ?
    
    1.   Substrate
    2.   Substance
    3.   Sublimate
23. A compressor increases ?
    1.   potential energy
    2.   moving energy
    3.   kinetic energy
24. A process where temperature remains the same is known as?
    1.   isobaric
    2.   isothermic
    3.   isochoric
25. The instrument used to measure force is called ?
    1.   Spring balance
    2.   Thermometer
    3.   Barometer
26. A body moving in a circular path is said to have ?
    1.   Uniform motion
    2.   Centripetal acceleration
    3.   Linear velocity
27. The product of mass and velocity is ?
    1.   Energy
    2.   Acceleration
    3.   Momentum
28. Which device converts chemical energy into electrical energy?
    1.   Motor
    2.   Battery
    3.   Generator
29. The SI unit of momentum is?
    1.   J/s
    2.   N·m
    3.   kg·m/s
30. Which of the following has maximum inertia?
    1.   A car
    2.   A truck
    3.   A bicycle
31. The force which opposes twisting deformation is?
    1.   torsion
    2.   strain
    3.   shear
32. A millilitre is equal to ?
    1.   one million litres
    2.   one millionth of a litre
    3.   one thousandth of a litre
33. The gyroscopic principle is based upon?
    1.   Newton’s 2nd Law
    2.   Newton’s 1st Law
    3.   Newton’s 3rd Law
34. The SI unit of density is the?
    1.   kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)
    2.   Pascal (Pa)
    3.   cubic metre (m3)
35. Convert 220 gallons to litres?
    1.   1000 litres
    2.   48.4 litres
    3.   500 litres
36. How much lift is produced on a wing can be derived from?
    1.   Charles law
    2.   Faraday's law
    3.   Bernoulli's Theorem
37. A good refrigerant has?
    1.   high condensing pressure, high evaporating temperature
    2.   low condensing pressure, low vaporating temperature
    3.   high condensing pressure, low evaporating temperature
38. Boyle's law states that?
    1.   pressure equals temperature divided by volume
    2.   pressure varies directly with volume
    3.   pressure varies inversely with volume
39. 10 BTU is equivalent to?
    1.   63,560 Joules
    2.   10,550 Joules
    3.   570 Joules
40. A wave in which the vibrations are parallel to, or along, the direction of travel is a?
    1.   Upright Wave
    2.   Longitudinal Wave
    3.   Transverse Wave
41. Increasing the Amplitude of a sound wave increases its?
    1.   moment
    2.   loudness
    3.   pitch
42. Quality of sound is dependant on?
    1.   medium it is traveling through
    2.   number and pitch of harmonics
    3.   frequency of the supply
43. The speed of sound in air at 0 °C is approximately?
    1.   181 m/s
    2.   3 * 108 m/s
    3.   331 m/s
44. A Concave mirror is used in?
    1.   headlights
    2.   a periscope
    3.   a rear view mirror
45. The light gathering power of a lens is indicated by its?
    1.   material
    2.   focal ratio
    3.   thickness of the lens
46. Lasers use which source of light?
    1.   Coherent
    2.   Refraction
    3.   Scattered
47. The power of a lens is measured in?
    1.   Lumens per Watt
    2.   Watts
    3.   Diopters
48. The refractive index for air is approximately?
    1.   10
    2.   1
    3.   0
49. The power of a lens is calculated from the?
    1.   focal length squared
    2.   product of the focal length and its distance from the pole
    3.   reciprocal of the focal length
50. The fibre optic receiver is a?
    1.   photodiode
    2.   laser diode
    3.   light emitting diode
51. What will the image produced through a divergent lens be?
    1.   Negative
    2.   Real
    3.   Virtual
52. Temperature is a measure of ?
    1.   the amount of vibration of molecules
    2.   the heat energy of particles
    3.   the amount of friction produced by two mating surfaces

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What is Fire and Types of Fire or Classes of Fire

 🔥 Fire can start in many ways — in the kitchen, in a car, or even due to an electrical fault. But not all fires are the same! Knowing the types of fire helps us choose the right way to extinguish them safely. Let’s learn about the main fire classes used around the world.

Fire is a chemical reaction called combustion.
It happens when a fuel (like wood or gas) reacts with oxygen from the air and produces heat, light, and smoke.

In simple words:

                        Fire = Fuel + Heat + Oxygen

🔴 Class A – Ordinary Combustibles

Cause: Fires involving everyday materials like wood, paper, cloth, plastic, and trash.
Example: Burning furniture, books, or clothes.
Best Extinguisher: Water or foam extinguishers.
💡 Tip: Never use water if the fire involves electrical items!

🟠 Class B – Flammable Liquids

Cause: Fires from liquids like petrol, diesel, paint, or oil.
Example: Car fuel fire or kitchen oil fire.
Best Extinguisher: Foam, CO₂, or dry chemical powder.
💡 Tip: Never throw water — it spreads the burning liquid!

🟡 Class C – Flammable Gases

Cause: Fires caused by gases such as LPG, propane, or butane.
Example: Gas cylinder or pipeline fire.
Best Extinguisher: Dry powder extinguisher.
💡 Tip: Turn off the gas source before attempting to put out the fire.

🔵 Class D – Metal Fires

Cause: Fires involving metals like magnesium, sodium, or aluminum dust.
Example: Industrial or workshop fires.
Best Extinguisher: Special dry powder extinguisher (metal fire powder).
💡 Tip: Water reacts violently with burning metals — never use it!

⚫ Class E – Electrical Fires

Cause: Faulty wiring, short circuits, or overloaded appliances.
Example: Computer, socket, or switchboard fire.
Best Extinguisher: CO₂ or dry powder extinguishers.
💡 Tip: Always cut the power before firefighting.

🟢 Class F – Cooking Oil & Fats

Cause: Fires from deep fryers or cooking pans with oil or fat.
Example: Kitchen stove fires.
Best Extinguisher: Wet chemical extinguisher.
💡 Tip: Never pour water on hot oil — it can cause an explosion!

🔥 Safety Reminder:
“Prevention is better than firefighting — stay alert, stay safe!”

 

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Module 03 Electrical 100 important sentences for Revision

1. Basic Electrical Terms

1. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor.

2. Electric current is the rate of flow of charge.

3. The unit of current is the ampere (A).

4. Voltage is the electrical pressure that causes current flow.

5. The unit of voltage is the volt (V).

6. Resistance opposes the flow of electric current.

7. The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).

8. Power is the rate of doing electrical work.

9. The unit of electrical power is the watt (W).

10. Energy equals power multiplied by time.

2. Electric Charge and Current

11. Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C).

12. One coulomb equal one ampere-second.

13. Electrons have negative charge and move in conductors.

14. Conventional current flows from positive to negative.

15. Electron flow direction is opposite to conventional current.

16. Static electricity is charge at rest.

17. Conductors allow free movement of electrons.

18. Insulators resist electron movement.

19. Semiconductors conduct under certain conditions only.

20. Electric current requires a complete circuit to flow.

3. Ohm’s Law and Circuits

21. Ohm’s law: V = I × R.

22. If voltage increases, current increases proportionally.

23. Current decreases when resistance increases.

24. Series circuit current is same in all components.

25. Parallel circuit voltage is same across all branches.

26. Total resistance in series equals sum of all resistors.

27. Total resistance in parallel is always less than smallest resistor.

28. Kirchhoff’s voltage law states sum of voltages in a loop equals zero.

29. Kirchhoff’s current law states sum of currents entering a junction equals sum leaving.

30. Power formula: P = V × I.

4. Electrical Power and Energy

31. Electrical energy measured in watt-hours or kilowatt-hours.

32. One kilowatt-hour equals 3.6 million joules.

33. Efficiency equals output power divided by input power.

34. Power loss in resistor equals I² × R.

35. Electric fuse protects circuit by melting under overcurrent.

36. Circuit breaker opens automatically when current exceeds limit.

37. Switch controls current flow manually.

38. Ammeter connected in series measures current.

39. Voltmeter connected in parallel measures voltage.

40. Ohmmeter measures resistance of circuit components.

5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism

41. Magnetic materials attract iron, nickel, and cobalt.

42. Magnetic field lines travel from north to south outside magnet.

43. Magnetic flux is total number of magnetic field lines.

44. Unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb).

45. Magnetic flux density equals flux divided by area.

46. Unit of flux density is the tesla (T).

47. Right-hand rule shows direction of magnetic field around conductor.

48. Electromagnetism is magnetic effect produced by current.

49. Solenoid converts electrical energy into magnetic field.

50. Relays and contactors operate using electromagnetic coils.

6. Electromagnetic Induction

51. Electromagnetic induction produces voltage by changing magnetic field.

52. Faraday’s law states induced emf proportional to rate of flux change.

53. Lenz’s law states induced emf opposes cause producing it.

54. Self-induction occurs when current change induces emf in same coil.

55. Mutual induction occurs between two coils placed close together.

56. Inductance is ability to oppose change in current.

57. Unit of inductance is henry (H).

58. Energy stored in inductor equals ½ L × I².

59. Induced voltage polarity always opposes current change.

60. Alternators generate AC voltage using electromagnetic induction.

7. Capacitance

61. Capacitor stores electric charge and energy in electric field.

62. Capacitance equals charge divided by voltage (C = Q/V).

63. Unit of capacitance is farad (F).

64. Dielectric material increases capacitor’s storage ability.

65. Series capacitance total is less than smallest capacitor.

66. Parallel capacitance total equals sum of all capacitances.

67. Energy stored in capacitor equals ½ C × V².

68. Capacitor blocks DC but passes AC signals.

69. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and used in DC circuits.

70. Ceramic capacitors are non-polar and used in AC circuits.

8. Alternating Current (AC)

71. Alternating current changes direction periodically.

72. AC waveform is usually sinusoidal.

73. Frequency is number of cycles per second in hertz (Hz).

74. Period is time taken for one complete cycle.

75. Amplitude is maximum value of AC voltage or current.

76. RMS value equals 0.707 × peak value for sine wave.

77. Average value equals 0.637 × peak value.

78. Phase angle is difference in phase between two AC waveforms.

79. In pure resistance, current and voltage are in phase.

80. In inductive circuit, current lags voltage by 90 degrees.

9. Inductive and Capacitive Reactance

81. Inductive reactance (XL) = 2πfL.

82. Capacitive reactance (XC) = 1 / (2πfC).

83. Reactance opposes change in AC current flow.

84. Impedance (Z) is total opposition to AC, combining resistance and reactance.

85. Impedance formula: Z = √(R² + (XL − XC)²).

86. Power factor = cosine of phase angle between current and voltage.

87. Power factor = true power divided by apparent power.

88. Lagging power factor indicates inductive load.

89. Leading power factor indicates capacitive load.

90. Correction capacitors improve lagging power factor.

10. Transformers and Power Systems

91. Transformer transfers electrical energy between circuits by magnetic induction.

92. Primary winding receives input voltage.

93. Secondary winding delivers output voltage.

94. Turns ratio determines voltage transformation ratio.

95. Step-up transformer increases voltage and reduces current.

96. Step-down transformer decreases voltage and increases current.

97. Transformer efficiency equals output power divided by input power.

98. Core losses include hysteresis and eddy current losses.

99. Isolation transformer separates two circuits for safety.

100. Autotransformer uses common winding for both primary and secondary.

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Module 2 Physics 100 Important Sentences for Revision

1. Basic Concepts

1. Physics is the study of matter, energy, and motion.

2. Matter has mass and occupies space.

3. Mass is the quantity of matter in a body.

4. Weight is the force of gravity acting on mass.

5. Density equals mass divided by volume.

6. Specific gravity is the ratio of substance density to water.

7. Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration.

8. The unit of force is the Newton (N).

9. One Newton equals one kilogram-meter per second squared.

10. Pressure equals force divided by area.

2. Motion and Laws

11. Displacement is the shortest distance between two points.

12. Speed is the rate of change of distance.

13. Velocity is speed in a given direction.

14. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

15. Deceleration is negative acceleration or slowing down.

16. Newton’s first law states a body remains at rest or constant motion unless acted by force.

17. Newton’s second law defines force equals mass times acceleration.

18. Newton’s third law states every action has equal and opposite reaction.

19. Momentum equals mass times velocity.

20. Impulse equals force multiplied by time.

3. Work, Energy, and Power

21. Work is done when a force moves an object.

22. Work equals force multiplied by distance moved.

23. Unit of work is joule (J).

24. Energy is the capacity to do work.

25. Kinetic energy equals half mass times velocity squared.

26. Potential energy equals mass times gravity times height.

27. Mechanical energy equals potential plus kinetic energy.

28. Power equals work done divided by time.

29. Unit of power is watt (W).

30. One horsepower equals 746 watts approximately.

4. Machines and Efficiency

31. Simple machines change magnitude or direction of force.

32. Levers have three classes depending on fulcrum, effort, and load.

33. Mechanical advantage equals load divided by effort.

34. Velocity ratio equals distance moved by effort to load.

35. Efficiency equals mechanical advantage divided by velocity ratio.

36. Pulley systems provide mechanical advantage by rope arrangements.

37. Inclined plane reduces effort needed to lift weight.

38. Gear trains transfer motion and torque between shafts.

39. Screw jack converts rotary motion into linear motion.

40. No machine is 100% efficient due to friction losses.

5. Properties of Matter

41. Elasticity is the ability of material to return to original shape.

42. Hooke’s law states stress is proportional to strain within elastic limit.

43. Stress equals force divided by cross-sectional area.

44. Strain equals change in length divided by original length.

45. Modulus of elasticity equals stress divided by strain.

46. Plastic deformation is permanent change beyond elastic limit.

47. Ductility allows a material to be drawn into wire.

48. Malleability allows a material to be hammered into sheets.

49. Brittleness is property of breaking without deformation.

50. Toughness is resistance to fracture when energy is absorbed.

6. Fluids – Statics

51. Fluid includes both liquids and gases.

52. Pascal’s law states pressure applied to fluid is transmitted equally.

53. Hydrostatic pressure equals density times gravity times height.

54. Archimedes’ principle states a body immersed in fluid experiences buoyant force equal to weight of displaced fluid.

55. Buoyant force acts upward against gravity.

56. Specific weight equals weight per unit volume.

57. Gauge pressure is measured above atmospheric pressure.

58. Absolute pressure equals gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure.

59. Manometer is used to measure fluid pressure difference.

60. Barometer measures atmospheric pressure using mercury column.

7. Fluids – Dynamics

61. Bernoulli’s principle states increase in fluid speed decreases pressure.

62. Continuity equation states area times velocity remains constant in streamline flow.

63. Laminar flow has smooth parallel layers with no mixing.

64. Turbulent flow contains irregular eddies and mixing motion.

65. Viscosity is internal friction between fluid layers.

66. Reynolds number determines type of fluid flow.

67. Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles form and collapse in liquid.

68. Flow rate equals volume of fluid per unit time.

69. Venturi tube measures fluid velocity using pressure difference.

70. Pitot tube measures total and static pressures in airflow.

8. Heat and Temperature

71. Heat is energy transferred due to temperature difference.

72. Temperature measures average kinetic energy of particles.

73. Celsius scale has freezing point 0°C and boiling point 100°C.

74. Kelvin scale absolute zero equals −273°C.

75. Heat flows from hot to cold bodies.

76. Specific heat capacity is heat required to raise unit mass by one degree.

77. Latent heat is energy absorbed or released during phase change.

78. Conduction transfers heat through solids by particle vibration.

79. Convection transfers heat through fluids by movement of molecules.

80. Radiation transfers heat without any medium.

9. Gas Laws

81. Boyle’s law: pressure inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.

82. Charles’s law: volume directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.

83. Gay-Lussac’s law: pressure directly proportional to temperature at constant volume.

84. Combined gas law relates pressure, volume, and temperature.

85. Ideal gas law: PV = nRT.

86. Absolute zero is temperature where molecular motion stops.

87. Isothermal process occurs at constant temperature.

88. Adiabatic process occurs without heat transfer.

89. Gas expands when heated and contracts when cooled.

90. Standard atmospheric pressure equals 1013.25 hPa or 14.7 psi.

10. Sound and Light

91. Sound requires a medium for transmission.

92. Frequency is number of vibrations per second measured in hertz.

93. Speed of sound increases with temperature.

94. Ultrasound has frequency above 20,000 hertz.

95. Reflection occurs when sound or light bounces from surface.

96. Refraction is bending of light when passing between mediums.

97. Diffraction is spreading of waves around obstacles.

98. Interference occurs when two waves overlap each other.

99. Light travels in straight lines in uniform medium.

100. White light is a mixture of seven visible colors.

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 Aircraft Elevator Control System

The elevator control system plays a vital role in controlling an aircraft’s pitch movement—that is, the up and down motion of the aircraft’s nose. This system allows pilots to maintain balance, climb, or descend smoothly during flight.

At the heart of the system is the control stick (or yoke). When the pilot pulls the stick back, the cables and pulleys transfer that motion through a pushrod to the elevator located on the aircraft’s tail. The elevator then moves upward, causing the aircraft’s nose to rise. Conversely, pushing the stick forward lowers the elevator and makes the aircraft descend.

This mechanical linkage system ensures a direct, reliable connection between pilot input and aircraft response. In modern aircraft, similar principles are used even in fly-by-wire systems, where electronic signals replace cables, but the concept remains the same — precise control of the aircraft’s pitch.

The elevator system is a perfect example of how aerodynamics and engineering work together to make flight stable and safe.

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