Module 05 Digital Techniques 100 Important Sentences for Revision

1. Basics of Digital Systems

1. Digital systems work with discrete values, usually 0 and 1.
2. Analog systems work with continuous values.
3. Binary number system is used in all digital circuits.
4. A bit is a binary digit, either 0 or 1.
5. A byte consists of 8 bits.
6. Nibble is a group of 4 bits.
7. Binary numbers are converted to decimal for interpretation.
8. The octal number system uses base 8.
9. The hexadecimal system uses base 16.
10. Hexadecimal is often used in computer memory addressing.

2. Logic Gates

11. Logic gates perform basic logic operations.
12. AND gate output is 1 only if all inputs are 1.
13. OR gate output is 1 if any input is 1.
14. NOT gate inverts the input signal.
15. NAND gate output is opposite of AND gate.
16. NOR gate output is opposite of OR gate.
17. XOR gate output is 1 when inputs are different.
18. XNOR gate output is 1 when inputs are the same.
19. Truth tables show input-output logic relationships.
20. Boolean algebra simplifies digital circuits.

3. Number Systems and Codes

21. Binary addition follows 1+1 = 10 rule.
22. Binary subtraction follows 10−1 = 1 rule.
23. BCD stands for Binary-Coded Decimal.
24. ASCII code represents letters and numbers in computers.
25. Parity bits are used for error detection.
26. Even parity means total number of 1s is even.
27. Odd parity means total number of 1s is odd.
28. Gray code changes only one bit between adjacent numbers.
29. Excess-3 code is used in digital counters.
30. Codes help reduce data transmission errors.

4. Logic Circuits

31. Combinational logic depends only on current inputs.
32. Sequential logic depends on current and past inputs.
33. Flip-flops store one bit of data.
34. SR flip-flop has Set and Reset inputs.
35. JK flip-flop eliminates invalid states.
36. D flip-flop transfers input at clock edge.
37. T flip-flop toggles its state when triggered.
38. Latches are used for temporary data storage.
39. Counters count pulses in digital circuits.
40. Shift registers move data in serial or parallel form.

5. Microprocessors and Computers

41. A microprocessor is the brain of a digital system.
42. Microprocessor performs arithmetic and logic operations.
43. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
44. CPU includes ALU, control unit, and registers.
45. ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit.
46. Memory stores data and instructions.
47. RAM is volatile memory that loses data when power is off.
48. ROM is non-volatile memory that retains data permanently.
49. EEPROM can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
50. Cache memory speeds up processor operations.

6. Computer Systems

51. Hardware includes physical components like CPU, keyboard, and monitor.
52. Software is a set of instructions for hardware.
53. Operating system manages computer resources.
54. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
55. Input devices include keyboard, mouse, and scanner.
56. Output devices include monitor and printer.
57. Storage devices include hard drive, SSD, and USB.
58. Data bus carries data between components.
59. Address bus carries memory addresses.
60. Control bus manages operation timing and control signals.

7. Digital Data Transmission

61. Data transmission can be serial or parallel.
62. In serial transmission, bits are sent one after another.
63. In parallel transmission, multiple bits are sent simultaneously.
64. Synchronous transmission uses a clock signal.
65. Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits.
66. Baud rate defines number of signal changes per second.
67. Modulation converts digital data to analog signals.
68. Demodulation converts analog signal back to digital.
69. Multiplexing allows multiple signals on one channel.
70. Demultiplexing separates combined signals.

8. Aircraft Digital Systems

71. Modern aircraft use digital avionics for precision and reliability.
72. ADC converts analog signals to digital form.
73. DAC converts digital signals to analog form.
74. ARINC 429 is a common digital data bus in aircraft.
75. ARINC 429 uses one-way transmission and two wires.
76. ARINC 629 allows multiple transmitters on one bus.
77. MIL-STD-1553 is used in military aircraft.
78. Digital data buses reduce wiring complexity.
79. Redundancy ensures system reliability in avionics.
80. EFIS displays flight data on LCD or CRT screens.

9. Instrument Systems

81. Digital instruments replace traditional mechanical gauges.
82. ADCs are used in digital flight data systems.
83. Flight Data Recorder (FDR) stores aircraft data continuously.
84. Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) stores crew communications.
85. Digital Air Data Computer (ADC) calculates altitude and airspeed.
86. Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) provides aircraft attitude.
87. Inertial Reference System (IRS) uses accelerometers and gyros.
88. Gyros sense angular rotation.
89. Accelerometers sense linear acceleration.
90. Glass cockpit integrates multiple displays into one system.

10. Safety, Maintenance, and Testing

91. Static electricity can damage electronic circuits.
92. Always use anti-static wrist straps when handling components.
93. Grounding prevents electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage.
94. Continuity testing checks complete electrical paths.
95. Insulation testing ensures isolation between circuits.
96. Logic probes test digital high or low states.
97. Oscilloscopes display voltage over time.
98. Multi meters measure voltage, current, and resistance.
99. Built-in Test Equipment (BITE) detects faults automatically.
100. Regular calibration ensures accurate electronic readings.

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M5 Digital Techniques (EASA Module 5 Digital Techniques Part66Prep)

 M5 Digital Techniques 

• Total Question =  622
• Powerpoint  Format 
• Each Slide Have 03 Question

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